C
Caliper (or calipers). An instrument used to measure diameters of trees or logs. It consists of two parallel arms at right angles to a graduated rule, with one arm that slides along the rule.
cambium. A layer of cells between the woody part of the tree and the bark. Division of these cells results in diameter growth of the tree through formation of wood cells (xylem) and inner bark (phloem).
canopy. A collective term for the layer formed by the crowns of the taller trees in a forest.
applied to the boots
catface. A scar on the surface of a log, generally
cruising. Measuring standing trees to determine the volume of wood on a given tract of land. Used for harvesting, purchasing, and general management.
crummy. Crew bus that transports loggers or other woodsworkers to and from the woods.
cubic foot. A cube 12 in on a side. One cu ft of wood in a log usually produces from 3 to 10 board ft of lumber because of the cylindrical log shape and sawing losses.
cull. A tree or log of merchantable size rendered unmerchantable because of poor form, large limbs, rot, or other defects.
cull tree. A live tree of merchantable size but unmerchantable because of defects or decay.
cunit. A measurement equal to 100 cu ft of solid wood; often used for pulpwood measurement.
cutting area. A portion of woodland on which timber is being cut or will be cut.
cutting cycle. The planned interval between major harvesting operations in the same stand. A-10 year cutting cycle indicates thinnings done once every 10 years.
conservation. In forestry, the wise use of natural renewable resources. A key idea for understanding "conservation" is "use" by people.
coppice forest. A forest originating from sprouts or suckers. Syn. low forest.
cord. A volume measure of stacked wood. A standard cord is 4 x 4 x 8 ft or 128 cu ft of space. Since roundwood cannot be stacked to give solid volume, actual wood volume varies between 70 and 90 cu ft per cord.
crook. A defect in logs and poles or piling, consisting of an abrupt bend. Also refers to edgewise warp in a piece of lumber.
crop tree. A tree selected in a young stand, to be retained until final harvest.
cross-drain. A pipe placed under the road surface between major drainages, to collect water from the ditch line and deposit it on the lower side of the road.
cross section. A section of a stem or leaf taken at right angles to its longitudinal axis.
crosstie. A square timber used for supporting railroad rails.
crotch. The fork of a tree or branch.
crown. The branches and foliage of a tree.
crown class. A designation of trees in a forest with crowns of similar development and occupying similar positions in the crown cover. Differentiation into crown classes applies to even-aged stands and within small evenaged groups in which trees in an uneven-aged stand are often arranged. Five crown classes are commonly recognized: dominant, codominant, intermediate, overtopped (suppressed), and wolf trees.
crown cover. The canopy of green leaves and branches formed by the crowns of all trees in a forest. Generally expressed as a percent of total area.
crown density. The compactness of the crown cover of the forest; depends on the distance apart and the compactness of the individual crowns. A loose term combining the meanings of "crown closure" and "shade density."
crown fire. A fire that runs through the tops of living trees, brush, or chaparral.
cruising. Measuring standing trees to determine the volume of wood on a given tract of land. Used for harvesting, purchasing, and general management.
crummy. Crew bus that transports loggers or other woodsworkers to and from the woods.
cubic foot. A cube 12 in on a side. One cu ft of wood in a log usually produces from 3 to 10 board ft of lumber because of the cylindrical log shape and sawing losses.
cull. A tree or log of merchantable size rendered unmerchantable because of poor form, large limbs, rot, or other defects.
cull tree. A live tree of merchantable size but unmerchantable because of defects or decay.
cunit. A measurement equal to 100 cu ft of solid wood; often used for pulpwood measurement. cutting area. A portion of woodland on which timber is being cut or will be cut.
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Forest Glossary