E
easement. An interest or right to limited use of land, granted by the owner to another party. Commonly used for access.
ecology. The science that deals with the interaction of plants and animals with their environment.
entomology, forest. The science that deals with insects and their relation to forests and forest products.
environment. All elements, living and inanimate, that affect a living organism.
epidemic. Widespread insect or disease incidence beyond normal proportions; usually accompanied by excessive damage.
even-aged. Applied to a stand in which relatively small age differences exist between individual trees.
exotic. Not native; foreign.
even-flow harvest. A harvesting scheme designed to extract exactly the same volume of wood fiber each period.
F
faller. A logger who specializes in felling trees. Also called "cutters" or "sawyers" in some parts of the West, "choppers" in the redwoods.
firebreak. An existing barrier, or one constructed before a fire occurs, from which all or most of the inflammable materials have been removed.
fire control. All activities concerned with the suppression of a forest fire.
fire danger. The result of both constant and variable factors that determine whether fires will start, spread, and do damage, and the estimated difficulty d control.
fire line. A trail around a fire, dug down to mineral soil and clear of all debris. One type of firebreak.
fire prevention. Those fire-control activities concerned with the attempt to reduce the number of fires through education, hazard reduction, and law enforcement.
fire scar. An injury or wound in the bole of a tree caused or accentuated by fire.
fire season. The period or periods of the year during which fires are likely to occur, spread, do sufficient damage, and otherwise warrant organized fire control. In Oregon, this period is set by order of the state forester.
fire suppression. All the work of extinguishing a fire after its detection.
1. direct. A method where the edge of the fire is extinguished directly.
2. indirect. A method where the control line is located along a favorable firebreak and the intervening strip between the fire and the firebreak is backfired.
3. one-lick. A system of managing personnel on a fire, where the entire crew constructing the control line moves forward without changing relative positions in the line. As they move forward, they do "one lick of work," then advance one or more steps. The number of steps is controlled primarily by the number engaged and the consequent proper spacing of licks, in order that the control line may be completed and the fire extinguished when the last person has passed over the line.
flash point. The temperature at which a material will burst into flame.
forage. In range management, unharvested plant material of any kind available for animal consumption. When cut, it becomes feed.
forage value. The relative importance for grazing purposes of a range plant or plants as a whole on a range.
forb. A small herbaceous plant, unlike grass.
forestation. The establishment of forest naturally or artifically on areas where it has been absent or insufficient. Syn. afforestation.
forester. A person who has been professionally educated in forestry at a college or university.
forest management. The application of business methods and technical forest principles to the management of forest property.
forest nursery. An area in which young trees are grown for forest planting.
Forest Practices Act. Several states have legislation regulating private forest harvest to reasonably assure adequate regeneration and protection of soil and water values. Abbreviated in Oregon to OFPA (Oregon Forest Practices Act).
forest protection. The activities connected with the prevention and control of damage to forests from fire, insects, disease, and other injurious and destructive sources.
forest site. A land unit characterized by climatic, soil, and topographic features that control forest type and growth of a tree.
forest survey. An inventory of forest land to determine acreage, condition, timber volume, and species, for specific purposes (such as timber purchase and forest management) or as a basis for forest policies and programs. Also refers to carefully measuring and marking property boundaries.
forest type. A descriptive term used to group stands of similar character in composition and development, to differentiate them from other groups of stands. See stand, type of.
Forest
utilization. That branch of forestry concerned with the operation of harvesting, processing, and marketing the forest crop and other forest resources. form. The shape of a log or tree.
form class. A measure of bole taper derived by dividing diameter inside bark at a given height (usually 16 or 32 ft) by d.b.h. These values are often required to use tree-volume tables. forty. A land tract of 40 acres or a '/< mile square.
frill. Vshaped cut in the cambial tissue of the tree made with a machete or other sharp tool, used as a place to apply herbicides.
frost crack. Longitudinal crack on the outside of a tree, caused by extreme cold. Especially common on thinbarked species, such as hemlock and true fir.
fungicides. Chemicals used to kill and/or prevent the growth of fungi.
fungus. A plant without chlorophyll that derives its nourishment from the organic matter of other plants.
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Forest Glossary