G
gall. A pronounced localized swelling of greatly modified structure that occurs on plants from irritation by a disease or insect.
gallery. A passage or burrow, excavated by an insect under bark or in wood for feeding or egg laying purposes.
genus. A botanical grouping of plants with similar characteristics. Species within a genus may be crossbred, but resulting offspring will usually be sterile. Genus Pinus contains ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, and hundreds of other pines around the world. Each species within the genus is identified as Pinus + species name (in ponderosa's case, Pinus ponderosa. Hence, each tree has both a genus name and a species name.
germination. The initial growth of a seed or spore.
girdle. To encircle the stem of a living tree with cuts that completely sever bark and cambium and often are carried well into the outer sapwood, done to kill the tree by preventing the passage of carbohydrates to the roots. Also refers to same process caused by animals, such as mice or beaver.
grade. . 1. A system of classifying lumber or logs according to quality. 2. The steepness of a forest road. grain. The direction, size, arrangement, appearance, or quality of the fibers in wood.
grain. The direction, size, arrangement, appearance, or quality of the fibers in wood.
grazing capacity. In range management, the ability of a range unit, in years of normal rainfall, to give adequate support to a constant number of livestock for a stated period each year without deteriorating. Expressed in number of livestock per acre of given kind or kinds, or in number of acres per specified animals.
green lumber. 1. Lumber with the moisture content greater than that of air-dried lumber. 2. Unseasoned lumber, boards from logs processed through mill before drying.
growth rate. With reference to wood, the rate at which wood has been added to the tree at any particular point, usually expressed in the number of annual rings per inch. May also be stated as "annual leader growth."
gyppo logger. A self-employed, independent timber harvesting contractor who is not an employee of the log purchaser. A more descriptive term is "contract logger."
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Forest Glossary