R
radial (surface). A horizontal surface or plane extending wholly or in part from the pith to the bark of a tree bole.
range. Land not under cultivation, that produces forage suitable for grazing by domestic animals and wildlife. Includes forest that produces forage. "Open range" is an extensive grazing area on which the movement of livestock is permitted. In Oregon, these areas are established by law.
ranger. An administrative officer in charge of a unit of forest or other land, usually a subdivision of a public forest or park. Various classifications are recognized: forest ranger, district ranger, park ranger, county ranger.
ray. In wood anatomy, a ribbon-shaped strand of tissue formed by the cambium and extending in a radial direction across the grain in hardwoods.
reforestation. The natural or artificial restocking of an area with forest trees.
relative humidity. The amount of water vapor present in the air, compared to the amount in fully saturated air of that temperature and pressure.
reproduction. 1. The process by which a forest is renewed.
a. artificial. Renewal by direct sowing or planting (syn. reforestation).
b. natural. Renewal by self-sown seeds, sprouts, rhizomes, etc. (syn. regeneration).
2. Seedings or -saplings of any origin (syn. young-growth).
reproduction methods. 1. Clearcutting. Removal of the entire forest in one cut. This method perpetuates even-aged stands.
2. seed-tree. Removal of the mature timber in one cut, except for a small number of seed trees (1 -7 trees/acre); called a "group cutting" when the seed trees are left in groups, a "reserve cutting" when specifically selected seed trees are left for growth, as well as to furnish seed.
3. selection. Removal of mature timber, usually the oldest or largest trees, either as single scattered trees or in small groups at relatively short intervals, commonly 5 to 20 years, repeated indefinitely. This encourages a continuous establishment of natural reproduction, and an uneven-aged stand is maintained. Also called "thinning from above."
4. shelterwood. Removal of the mature timber in a series of cuttings, which extend over a period of years. Usually equal to not more than one-quarter (often not more than one-tenth) of the time required to grow the crop. The establishment of natural reproduction under the partial shelter of seed trees is encouraged, but sometimes these areas must be artificially regenerated.
5. coppice. Forest regeneration by sprouting (vegetative reproduction) from stumps or roots.
residual stand. Trees, often of saw log size, left in a stand after thinning to grow until the next harvest. Also called "reserve stand" or "leave trees."
resins. A class of inflammable vegetable substances that have no definite shape, secreted by certain plants or trees; characterizes the wood of many coniferous species.
riparian zone. That area adjacent to rivers and streams identified by vegetation, wildlife, and other qualities unique to these locations.
riprap. Stones or other energy-absorbing material used to stabilize a roadbank, streambank, or stream channel.
root collar. The transition zone between stem and root. Usually recognizable in trees and seedlings by the presence of a slight swelling.
roots. The below-ground tree or plant parts that provide physical support, absorb water and nutrients from the soil, and store food produced by photosynthesis. rotation. The period of years required to establish and grow a timber crop to a specified condition of maturity, when it may be harvested and a new tree crop started. rotation age. The age at which a stand is considered ready for harvesting under an adopted plan of management. rot. Wood in a state of decay.
rotation. The period of years required to establish and grow a timber crop to a specified condition of maturity, when it may be harvested and a new tree crop started.
rotation age. The age at which a stand is considered ready for harvesting under an adopted plan of management.
rot. Wood in a state of decay.
roundwood. Wood products that are round (pulpwood, posts, poles, piling, firewood, sawlogs).
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Forest Glossary